Matanki osungira a cryogenicndizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale omwe amafunikira kusungidwa ndi kunyamula mpweya wamadzimadzi pa kutentha kwambiri. Matanki awa adapangidwa kuti azisunga zinthuzo pa kutentha kwa cryogenic, nthawi zambiri pansi pa -150 ° C (-238 ° F), kuti zisungidwe mumkhalidwe wawo wamadzimadzi. Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya akasinja osungiramo cryogenic imachokera ku thermodynamics ndi mfundo zaumisiri zomwe zimatsimikizira chitetezo ndi mphamvu zosungira zinthu izi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zama tanki osungira cryogenic ndi insulation system. Tanki nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mipanda iwiri, khoma lakunja limakhala ngati chitetezo ndipo khoma lamkati limakhala ndi mpweya wamadzimadzi. Malo pakati pa makoma awiriwa amachotsedwa kuti apange vacuum, yomwe imachepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha ndikulepheretsa kutaya kwa kutentha kwa cryogenic. Makina otchinjirizawa ndi ofunikira pakusunga kutentha pang'ono mkati mwa thanki ndikuletsa mpweya wamadzimadzi kuti usasefuke.
Kuphatikiza pa insulation system,matanki osungiramo cryogenicamagwiritsanso ntchito zida zapadera kuti athe kupirira kuzizira kwambiri. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga akasinjawa zimasankhidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana ndi zinthu za cryogenic komanso kuthekera kwawo kulimbana ndi kutentha kwapansi popanda kukhala brittle kapena kutaya kukhulupirika kwawo. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi aluminiyamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chotengera chamkati, pomwe chitsulo cha kaboni nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipolopolo chakunja. Zidazi zimayesedwa movutikira komanso njira zowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito cryogenic.
Kusungirako ndi kuyendetsa zinthu za cryogenic kumafunanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve apadera ndi zipangizo zomwe zingathe kugwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kochepa. Zigawozi zapangidwa kuti zisawonongeke ndikusunga umphumphu wa thanki, ngakhale pansi pazifukwa zosungirako za cryogenic. Kuphatikiza apo, akasinjawo amakhala ndi zida zothandizira kupanikizika kuti apewe kupanikizika kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha makina osungira.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito matanki osungiramo cryogenic imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makina a firiji kuti asatenthe kutentha mkati mwa thanki. Makinawa amapangidwa kuti azichotsa kutentha m'thanki mosalekeza ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa gasi wamadzimadzi kuti asunge madzi ake. Makina a firiji amapangidwa mosamala ndikuyang'aniridwa kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi mphamvu komanso zodalirika, chifukwa kulephera kulikonse kungayambitse kutaya kwa kutentha kwa cryogenic ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa thanki.
M'mafakitale monga chisamaliro chaumoyo, kukonza chakudya, ndi kupanga zamagetsi, akasinja osungira ma cryogenic amatenga gawo lofunikira pakusunga ndi kunyamula zinthu monga nayitrogeni wamadzi, okosijeni wamadzimadzi, ndi helium yamadzimadzi. Zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakusunga zitsanzo zachilengedwe ndi zida zamankhwala mpaka kuziziritsa maginito a superconducting ndi zida za semiconductor. Kugwira ntchito kotetezeka komanso koyenera kwa akasinja osungiramo cryogenic ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kupezeka ndi mtundu wa zinthu izi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale.
Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya akasinja osungiramo cryogenic ndiyofunikanso posungira mphamvu ndi kayendedwe. Mafuta achilengedwe a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ndi hydrogen yamadzimadzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mafuta ena amagalimoto ndi kupanga magetsi. Kusungirako ndi kunyamula zinthu za cryogeniczi zimafuna akasinja apadera a cryogenic omwe amatha kusunga kutentha kochepa komanso kusamalira zinthu zapadera zamadzimadziwa. Mfundo zosungirako ma cryogenic ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta enawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito matanki osungiramo cryogenic ndi yofunikanso mu makampani opanga ndege, kumene ma propellants a cryogenic monga madzi okosijeni ndi hydrogen yamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina oyendetsa rocket. Ma propellantswa amafunika kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa pa kutentha kwa cryogenic kuti asunge kachulukidwe kawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuyaka koyenera panthawi yokwera roketi. Matanki osungira a cryogenic amatenga gawo lofunikira popereka zofunikira zosungirako ndikusamalira zopangira izi muzamlengalenga.
Pomaliza, mfundo ntchito yamatanki osungiramo cryogeniczimachokera ku mfundo za thermodynamics, engineering, ndi sayansi ya zinthu. Matankiwa amapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi kutentha kochepa komwe kumafunikira kuti asungidwe ndi kunyamula mpweya wamadzimadzi, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi mphamvu zosungirako. Makina otsekemera, zipangizo, ma valve, ndi firiji zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matanki osungiramo cryogenic amapangidwa mosamala ndikuyesedwa kuti athetse mavuto apadera okhudza zinthu za cryogenic. Kaya m'mafakitale, mphamvu, kapena muzamlengalenga, matanki osungiramo ma cryogenic ndi ofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kupezeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito motetezeka kwa mpweya wa liquefied pa kutentha kotsika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-03-2024
